Causes Of The Opium Wars - 1048 Words

The Opium Wars were a series of conflicts that eventually led to China’s decline through the trade and abuse of the drug opium. The first of the Opium Wars (1839-42) was fought between China and Britain, and the second war (1856-1860) involved France as well. In both wars, the foreign powers triumphed over China, causing havoc, causing the fall of the Qing dynasty. Prior to the Opium Wars, China was full of rich culture, remarkable goods, and useful inventions. They had invented gunpowder, kites, and porcelain, all of which were in demand. The Qing dynasty had believed that they were superior to other countries, and refused to let any foreigners access any Chinese territory. There was only one area where trade was permitted, and it was†¦show more content†¦The amount of people using the drug soon increased as well due to the large amount of opium that soon became available throughout the country. The addictive nature also began to cause people to want, or even need, more and more of the drug, ensuring that it would be a continuous market for Britain. The amount of addicts skyrocketed to 12 million at one point, which soon led to a ban on the drug by Lin Zexu, commissioner of China. Zexu arrested dealers, seized crates of the drug, and then dumped 2.6 million pounds of it into the ocean. This was another cause for the opium war, as his actions angered British traders who were not able to get compensation from the British government. Overall, China’s strict trading techniques, in addition to the way they responded to the problem was one of the main causes of the opium wars. Another main cause for the opium wars was China’s unfair trade superiority. Prior to the opium wars, China was the leading trade nation for the world, with its long distance trade reaching many different area of the world, such as Southern Asia, the Middle East, and even Europe. China had the most commercial ships out of anybody in the world up to the 19th centur y, which helped expand its already large economy. China’s goods were in high demand, as they had paper, firearms, tool, silk, tea, porcelain, and much more, making them the world’s superpower for trade. By only accepting silver for these items, China began to haveShow MoreRelatedAnti Opium Movement, Opium War And Their Causes2510 Words   |  11 PagesJoel Palhegyi Final Paper Anti-Opium Movement, Opium War and Their Causes The main theme of 19th century was the imperialism expansion of western capitalistic industrial nations throughout the whole world. During this process, the conflicts between occidental imperialism powers and oriental countries never stopped. The First Opium War, well known as the Opium War, was the war that happened during September, 1839 to Autumn, 1842, between China and Britain. The war was initiated by the conflictsRead MoreIb Internal Assessment - the Causes of the Opium War2359 Words   |  10 PagesA: Plan of Investigation What are the causes of the Opium War which occurred in 1839-1842? When the Chinese decided to ban the opium trade, wars broke out due to conflicts between China and Britain. The aim of this investigation is to analyze the causes of the first Opium War, as it will cover the circumstances of China through that period, and the condition of China with Britain during the war. The analysis will specify what triggered the Opium War and briefly on the impact behind this importantRead MoreEssay On Favorable Trade764 Words   |  4 Pages China and Britain go head to head in all out battle for the use of drugs, and a favorable balance of trade. This certain drug is called Opium. Opium has a very addictive ingredient in it that China was very observant about at their time. China was so observant that their emperor decided to expose the Western Countries, and China decided to ban all use of Opium in their country. Although a problem arose, Britain needed a favorable amount of trade, and China at the time had most of Britains silverRead MoreDBQ: Opium in Chin a Essay examples1745 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ DBQ: Opium in China While most of the Western Hemisphere was undergoing drastic advancements, such as former colonies gaining their independence and transforming into more modernized nations, a lot of mishaps were occurring in the Eastern Hemisphere—China, specifically—a nation that was notorious for its isolation from foreign influences. European nations began to greedily eye China’s abundance of desirable resources, such as tea, porcelain, and silk. However, China had very little need orRead MoreTrade Imbalance Between China And China1365 Words   |  6 Pagesthe trade imbalance between the two nations, Britain started to smuggle opium into China. The reason behind this was because the Chinese had no need for Britain s goods but they did want silver, so the British demanded silver in exchange for opium. With all of the opium flooding into Britain s economy, they then had enough money to purchase fine Chinese goods. Opium proved to be dreadful to China s population and the Opium w ars arose from all of the disputes. The market for Western goods in ChinaRead MoreProhibition and the War on Drugs904 Words   |  4 Pagescertain parts of life are frequently argued upon. Wars are in a state of flux, but a constant in Americas policies is the Drug War. The government attempts to prevent the consumption of illicit and harmful substances, even shown in modern domestic policies. Yet with much effort, positive results was not usually yielded. Apart from the outcomes, prohibition has made a large impact on daily life. In the United States, prohibition of alcohol and opium was a visible and controversial debate. The prohibitionRead MoreOpium Wars: The Trade Disputes over Opium between China and Britain 1804 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Opium entered China on the back of a camel, and ended up breaking the back of an entire nation† -Unknown This paper studies the trade disputes over opium between China and Britain and the two wars that resulted from these disputes in the 19th century. The focus of this paper will primarily be British actions in the years leading up to the Wars, the Wars themselves, and the aftermath of the Wars. The first war was fought between 1839 and 1842, while the second was fought fromRead MoreThe Domestic Price Of Silver956 Words   |  4 Pagesby the Manchus, they lost in the Opium Wars. As the wars led China into financial crisis, corruption led to various forms of protests and reform movements and eventually to the rise of the nationalism, which put an end to the last dynasty. One of the causes of the corruption was the opium trade. There were two most important official concerns about the trade. According to Harry, â€Å"one was the damage done to the health and capacity for work of the people using opium, especially the addicts. The otherRead MoreHistory Is Not A Series Of Events1134 Words   |  5 Pagesrather the description of mankind and its relation to itself. It as a meta-psychology for all of humanity. In that viewpoint, questions of humanity’s past self, today’s self, the future’s self, and their relationship arise. Such as this one: How is the opium trade of the 1800s similar to modern day American-Chinese trade? So far, the answer is that the two trades created demonstrable conditions for the Chinese and were motivated by westerners’ desire for cheap goods. This is an important question toRead MoreCorruption in the Qing Government and the Taiping Rebellion Essay945 Words   |  4 Pagesin the Qing bureaucracy, the incompetent leadership, the closed mentality of the Qing Government, shortage of land and impact of an alien Manchu regime highlighted the Qing Government as the main cause of the rebellion. The essay would also include the other causes of the rebellion, such as the opium war and natural disasters. Firstly, there was obvious corruption in the bureaucracy. When the lowly-paid officials were taxed, the consequence was that the officials taxed the peasants even more in

Music Is A Magical Piece Of History - 879 Words

Music is a magical piece of history, and has changed throughout history with the changing of generations. As culture changes music changes as well. Artists have found a way to use music, art, and fashion throughout history as a way to convey feelings of love, sadness, frustration, and death. Musicians find a way to move their listeners with the sounds they hear. With every rise and fall of a note and change in melody or tempo, listeners find themselves holding their breath or possibly wiping away tears. Aaron Copland is a man who has truly done just that. His love for music started when he was very young when his sister taught him how to play piano (Encyclopedia). From that point on, his thirst and passion for music grew. At the age when most boys are outside playing, getting dirty Copland decided he would become a composer. Attending Boy’s High School he began to study music (Encyclopedia). In 1921, Copland moved to France to further study music at the American Conservatory in Fontainebleau. It is there he would experience the different style of European music. Schoenberg and Stravinsky had always inspired him, and his stay in Paris gave him the opportunity to enhance his love and understanding of their music. When Copland returned to America he wrote his first major piece of music named simply the Symphony for Organ and Orchestra. This was just the beginning of Copland’s early writings. He wanted to experiment with music in his compositions. Copland began to blend musicShow MoreRelatedBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Moonlight Sonata 1635 Words   |  7 PagesLudwig Van Beethoven is one of the single most decorated composers and musicians in the history of mankind. The legendary German composer, though long deceased today, has left us with dozens and dozens of works composed and played by him for us to marvel at and understand the true meaning of music. Mainly known for his work and compositions with the piano, he composed pieces to be performed with multiple different instruments. My goal, however, is to explore one of the most popular compositions thatRead MoreEssay on Gustav Holst1432 Words   |  6 PagesGustav Holst Music derived from astrology is surprisingly rare. The ancient Greek philosophers, whatever their intellectual attitudes towards astrology may have been, were certainly not ignorant of astrological teachings and ideas. It was they, after all who put forward the idea of the Music of the Spheres, the idea that these vast objects twirling around and whirling through space, must have hummed a tone as they went along their courses, much as a ball spun on a string will whistle.Read MoreMusical Event In Preparation For This Event, I Was Somewhat1410 Words   |  6 Pages Musical Event In preparation for this event, I was somewhat versed in classical music. Many of the pieces I heard were either referenced in the text, or I have heard them before. I did not have any preconceived notion as to what the playlist would consist of before I attended the event. There were many classical tracks played throughout the event, most of which had jazz influences from the members of the Englewinds. It was all very refreshing and spontaneous, something which I did not expect fromRead MoreAlex theatre is mid-sized theatre characterized by Greek and Egyptian touches to its internal1200 Words   |  5 PagesStradivarius instruments produce a very special and high sound quality. Jerry said that, â€Å"these instruments are magical.† There are approximately 600 of these violins; 50 of them are called golden Stradivarius. There are many books, articles, and movies about them. After that, everyone was seated and the conductor, Mathew Halls, enters. The first piece composed by Mozart in 1780 called Ballet Music from Idomeneo, K.367. 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When Taylor Swift is scrutinized for her sometimes-considered-excessive-amount of exes, fans are quick to jump to her defenseRead MoreThe Evolution of the Motet Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of the Motet Throughout the history of music, there have been few styles that not only have opened doors to masterwork compositions in their own genres, but have also led the way to other musical techniques over the musical eras and one of these magical music styles is the motet. The motet can easily be confused with other musical structures but what separates the motet from other types of group-performance based styles of music is a piece of music in several parts with words.1 This isRead MoreSample Writing : You Are A Tour Operator1400 Words   |  6 Pagesof the city. The nightlife in Hong Kong is renowned throughout the world, to the point that it often attracts party-goers from many neighbouring countries. 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Assignment on Contract & Tort Law - Click to Get Solution

Question: Describe about the Contract Law for Law of Tort? Answer: There shall be two types of contracts that are to be constructed in relation to your business. For the purpose of making a legal relationship by way of a contract with the suppliers of meat and vegetables, a contract for distance selling is required to be formulated among you and the supplier. If the supplier of meats and vegetables is the same person then one contract would be sufficient but if the suppliers are more than one then for each of the supplier a separate contract have to be constructed. In this kind of contracts the parties to the contract by way of certain negotiations formulates the terms and conditions of the concern copy of contract. In this contract all the relevant terms and conditions relating to the goods that are to be supplied, the tenure of the contract, the time limitation regarding the supply of the goods, price of the goods and other relevant factors have to be clearly mentioned. If both the parties to the contract agree then they may introduce a specific term into the contract relating to restricting the liabilities of the concern parties in case of happening of any event that is inconsistent with the terms of the contract. The second type of contract shall be made among the family members with whom the business has been started. This form of contract is known as partnership agreement. In this contract all the terms and conditions relating to the introduction of capital, profit or loss sharing, responsibilities of the partners and other relevant factors relating to the administration of the business shall be clearly mentioned. For the purpose of formation of a valid contract there are certain essential elements which are required to be fulfilled. These essential elements are; Offer and acceptance: For the purpose of construction of a valid contract one party have to make an offer to the other party of the contract and if the other party accepts such offer then the contract begins. This is the most fundamental element in valid contract. The offer and acceptance have to be made with the free consent of both the parties to the contract (Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co,). Legal relationship: In a valid contract it is necessary that the parties to the contract are intended to create a legal relationship among them by way of formulating the contract. Any contract without legal relation among the parties is void ab initio (Williams v Roffey Bros, [1990]). iii. Consideration: At the time of constructing a valid contract there must be a term relating to the consideration. It is a promise made by the parties to the contract to do any act or to abstain from doing any act in accordance with the terms of the contract. In other word consideration is something that one party receives against the performance of the contract (Balfour v Balfour, [1919]). Competency: The parties to the contract must have attained the age of maturity and they are of sound mind. Privity of contract: Ina contract the parties must have the right to sue each other in case of a breach but any third party cannot do so. In a restaurant, most of the contract forms with the customers along with the restaurant authority. Generally, with the customers face to face contracts are formed. It is not possible that the restaurant authority will make a written contract with all the customers coming for having food. This will not only makes the customers feel irritated but will also create hazard for the restaurant administration. But for those customers who are making the order of food without coming into that restaurant, face to face contract is not possible, in that case distance selling contract shall be applicable (Cooke, 2007). The impact of the contract formed among the restaurant authority and the meat and vegetable seller is that the contract should be a written one and the elements of the contract should be made with the free consent of the both the parties. For direct purchase of meat and vegetable from market there is no requirement to construct any written contract but a bulk order or bulk purchase the written form of contract provides more stability and confidence to the parties to the contract and it is also easy to have the legal enforceability. For the purpose of hire and laundering of table linen it is not necessary that the restaurant authority have to make a written agreement with the laundry man but there is no such limitation to that affect. If it is in written form then the chances for ambiguity and confliction gets reduced (Davidson, 2006). In every contract there are several mentioned terms and conditions, the clearly written terms in the contract are the express terms. But there are some terms of contract which are not expressly mentioned in the context of the contract, these are the implied terms. Expressed terms are generally considered as the conditions of the contract, if either of the party breach any of the condition of the contract then the other party may terminate the contract. Implied terms are considered as the warranty, if any of the party to the contract makes any breach in relation to any warranty of the contract then the other party can claim damages. For instance, if you would like to buy kitchen appliances then you have to pay the price of the appliances it is an expressed term. In that particular price you are entitled to get good quality products that is the implied term of the contract (Elliott and Quinn, 2007). 2: a) For a restaurant it is most important that the raw food materials are delivered on good and fresh condition in proper time. In this contract all of these mentioned terms are very important for the restaurant owners, as breach of either of these terms may cause huge loss to the business. If in a urgent situation the supplier send the foods at around 6 hours late without any justified cause or the food materials delivered are not in a good condition then the other party would not be able to use such goods for the purpose of his business and that will not only cause monetary loss to the other party but it will also cause damage to the good will of the business. Hence, under this particular scenario Mr. Corelli is entitled to claim compensation along with the amount of loss suffered, from the supplier. In the case of Wood v. Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon, the court held that in case of any breach of any condition of a contract the aggrieved party is entitled to get compensation along with th e amount of loss. But if the goods delivered is not securely packaged, then it is the violation of the contractual right of the other party then that party is entitled to get compensation from the supplier. In the case of Hadley v Baxendale, the court of law held that if in a contract any of the conditions is breached by either party then the other party is entitled to receive damages from the party who has breached such condition, as it is the violation of the contractual right though it may not cause any loss to that party whos right has been infringed (George et al., 2015). b) If a new term is introduced like payment shall be made only after the accomplishment of the terms relating to the delivery of goods, quality of goods and packaging of goods. Then it will signify that there shall be no liability for payment from Corelli against the goods if any of the terms before mentioned is violated by the supplier (Turner, 2006). But if the supplier made compliance of all the conditions then Corelli is liable to pay the amount of payment of the goods supplied. This term expressly mentioned about the nonpayment from Corelli unless the goods are delivered accordingly but it implies the right of the supplier to get the amount after accomplishment of the previous conditions. In the case of Parsons (Livestock) Ltd v Uttley Ingham Co Ltd, the court held that performance of the duties of one party to the contract puts liability upon the other party to discharge the liabilities in accordance to the terms of the contract (Gerven, Lever and Larouche, 2000). c) In this regard Mr. Corelli does not have to make separate contracts with each customer. There is standard form of contracts, where a contract is formulated by the leading party that is the restaurant owners and this contract is made for all the customers in general (Stone, 2003). In this case customers are not entitled to do any negotiation with the terms of the contract, they are at an option to either get or leave it. In the case of Steven v. Fidelity Casualty Co, the court held that the weaker party to the contract shall not have any bargaining power in relation to the terms of the contract but there must not be any unreasonable term into that contract (Giliker and Beckwith, 2008). Mr. Corelli may have the advantage to construct the terms of the contract in accordance to the benefits of the business but any of such terms must not be unreasonable as to its nature and it have to fair for all the customers. d) An exclusion clause may also be introduces in the standard form of contracts. Exclusion clause eliminates the leading party to the contract from any specified liability. For example if any term introduced like beware of your articles and the restaurant administration is not liable for any loss. This term will exclude the liability of the restaurant administration for any loss of articles of the customers in the restaurant premises. In the case of Klocek v. Gateway, Inc, the court of law held that the weaker party to a standard form of contract is not entitled to make any negotiation but the terms of the contract have to be reasonable. All the terms in relation to a standard form of contract are to be general for all and the term must be specified in a conspicuous place where the business is conducted or where the customers are used to come for making the contract with implications. By this kind of clauses the liability of the parties is excluded to a certain extent (Grubb, 2002). Contractual liability is a kind of liability that arises from a contractual obligation. In other words due to the terms of a contract the parties to the contract has to discharge some liabilities accordingly, these liabilities are known as contractual liabilities (Rutgers, 2008). Whereas tortuous arise from any wrongful act done by any person. If any person does any wrongful act and by that act any right of any other person is infringed then the wrongdoer is at a liability to restore the rights or pay compensation, this is known as tortuous liability. For a contractual liability the concern person has enter into a valid contract but for a tortuous liability neither of the person has to enter into a contract. Tortuous liability arises for any civil wrong that is tort. Here in this case, your employer is liable under the tortuous liability for you. And the property company shall be liable under contractual liability to the McAllen Company but it will depend upon the nature of the contr act (Grundmann, 2011). In case of any loss or injury occurs to any person due to the negligence of any other person then the person who has committed the act of negligence shall be liable for payment of damages. If any occupier of a property negligently abstained from doing any act that the occupier ought to do and by virtue of that negligence, if any person suffers from any loss or injury then the occupier shall be liable for that loss or injury (Oliphant and Bagshaw, 2007). It is the duty of the occupier to take reasonable care of the property occupied and for any major alteration the occupier should approach the owner of the property. In the case of Robert Addie Sons (Colliery) Ltd v. Dumbreck, the court held that it is the duty of the occupier to take reasonable care of the property and if there is any loss suffered by other person due to the negligence of the occupier then the occupier of the property shall be liable to pay damages to the person who has suffered from such loss or injury. In the famou s English case of Donoghue v. Stevenson, the court of law has elaborately described the scope of the act of negligence. In this regard the court of law held that for nay act of negligence the wrong doer is bound to compensate the person who has been suffered due to such an act of negligence. In this respect causing of actual loss or damage is not necessary, violation of the right of any person is sufficient for payment of damages (Koziol, Schulze and Antoniolli, 2008). In the case of Fletcher v Rylands, the House of Lords admitted that the English common law is very much applicable upon the wrongs happened due to an act of negligence. If in the course of the employment, any employee suffers from any loss or injury then the employer is liable to pay compensation to that employee, though the loss has been caused due to the negligent or wrongful act of any other person then also the employer cannot escape from his liability, this is known as vicarious liability. The case of Lister v Hesley Hall Ltd, is one of the leading precedent of the laws relating to the vicarious liability. In this famous case the court of law held that the employer is liable to pay damages to the employee who has suffered from injury in the course of the employment, in spite of the fact that the injury may happen by the wrong act of any other person, but it does not reduce the liability of the employer towards the employee (Lahe, 2011). 4: a) Here in this particular scenario, the major issue is not that whether Marry is entitled to get damages or not. The main factor is from whom Marry will claim damages. Marry can claim damages from the insurance company of the cars in the accident. Due to the act of negligence an accident happens but most of the time it happens due to the accident of both parties. But here Marry was not directly injured by the touch of the cars, beside that is had an intangible injury. Hence she is entitled to get compensation as she has suffered from injury due to the accident. It will not fall under the purview of law of tort but there are statutory provisions in this respect like The Road Traffic Act 1988, The Insurance Act etc are the relevant Acts in this kind of cases. The rule of comparative negligence is also not coming here as Marry was quite far away from the accident spot (McKendrick, 2007). In the case of Cochrane v. Linda Manor, the court of law observed that if there is any accident happens it happens due to the negligence of both the parties, more or less both of them are responsible for the accident, so the party who has suffered more is entitled to get damages but the amount of damages shall be reduced by taking into consideration of his part of care that he would not have properly taken. But if the aggrieved person has taken all the due care then the other party is liable to pay damages for the loss suffered by the aggrieved party (Merrill, 2011). In the case of Lai Chau v. Southstar Equity Limited Co. and Brookside Properties Inc, the court of law has observed that in case of an act of accident the aggrieved party is entitled to get damages but it is not absolute, as the reason of accident is that both the parties has made some mistakes and by virtue of that accident has occurred. Hence though the aggrieved party will get the damages but the amount of damages will be reduced but if it is noticed that the aggrieved party has taken due care then the aggrieved party shall be entitled to get the full amount of damages (Oliphant, 2012). b) Under this particular scenario, the rule of vicarious liability does not come into action. The rule of vicarious liability applies when the loss or injury sufferer has suffered the loss or injury by doing any act in the course of the employment, then only the employer is liable to pay compensation to the employee. But here in this case, Marry has not suffered the loss in the course of her employment. She was not doing any job by virtue of her employment as she was standing in the bus stop; she was also not within the premises of her employee. Hence, her employer is not liable to pay any damages to Marry. In the case of Yewens v Noakes, the court of law observed that the employer is liable under the rule of vicarious liability, if the employee has suffered from any loss or injury in the course of the employment or by doing any act in relation to discharging any of the duties of employment. Otherwise no employer shall be liable under the rule of vicarious liability (O'Sullivan and H illiard, 2004). Hence, with the reference of this case, though Marry has suffered from an injury but that injury has not occurred in the course of the employment, so Marry is not entitled to get any damages from her employer (Meyer, 2010). References Andrews, N. (2011).Contract law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Balfour v Balfour[1919]. Brmmelmeyer, C. (2011). Principles of European Insurance Contract Law.European Review of Contract Law, 7(3). Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co[2015]. Cooke, P. (2007).Law of tort. Harlow: Longman. Davidson, D. (2006).Dark tort. New York: William Morrow. Elliott, C. and Quinn, F. (2007).Contract law. Harlow: Pearson Longman. George, M., Bishop, S., Correspondent, V., Correspondent, V., Gonzales, R., Correspondent, V., Correspondent, V., Correspondent, V., Correspondent, V., Correspondent, V., Gonzales, R., Correspondent, V., Correspondent, V., Correspondent, V., Bishop, S., Gonzales, R., Correspondent, V., Bishop, S., Gonzales, R., Correspondent, V., Correspondent, V., Correspondent, V., Correspondent, V., Correspondent, V. and Correspondent, V. (2015).Home - Saint Lucia News From The Voice St. Lucia. [online] Saint Lucia News From The Voice St. Lucia. Available at: https://www.thevoiceslu.com/ [Accessed 26 Mar. 2015]. Gerven, W., Lever, J. and Larouche, P. (2000).Common law of Europe casebooks. Oxford: Hart Pub. Giliker, P. and Beckwith, S. (2008).Tort. London: Sweet Maxwell. Grubb, A. (2002).The law of tort. London: Butterworths LexisNexis. Grundmann, S. (2011). The Future of Contract Law.European Review of Contract Law, 7(4). Koziol, H., Schulze, R. and Antoniolli, L. (2008).Tort law of the European Community. Wien: Springer. Lahe, J. (2011). Punitive Damages in Estonian Tort Law?.Journal of European Tort Law, 2(3). McKendrick, E. (2007).Contract law. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Merrill, T. (2011). Is Public Nuisance a Tort?.Journal of Tort Law, 4(2). Meyer, L. (2010).Non-performance and remedies under international contract law principles and Indian contract law. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang. Oliphant, K. (2012). Cultures of Tort Law in Europe.Journal of European Tort Law, 3(2). Oliphant, K. and Bagshaw, R. (2007).The law of tort. [London]: LexisNexis Butterworths. O'Sullivan, J. and Hilliard, J. (2004).The law of contract. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rutgers, J. (2008). Free Movements and Contract Law.European Review of Contract Law, 4(3). Stone, R. (2003).Contract law. London: Cavendish. Turner, C. (2006).Contract law. London: Hodder Arnold. Williams v Roffey Bros[1990].

Development of the Retail Industry Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Development of the Retail Industry. Answer: Development of the retail industry in the past two decades This is a report, which depicts the development of the retail industry in the past two decades. The market environment in the retail industry has changed drastically and new players have emerged in to the market. The competition in the market has become intense due to this very reason and detailed information is given in the paragraph below. Australian retail industry has changed in the past 20 years, the number of competitors back then were minimal and the major shareholders were Woolworths and Wesfarmers who have been in Australian retail industry for a long time. However, the scenario started changing in the early 2000s when companies like ALDI came in to market and changed the game (Kasai Chauke, 2017). Woolworths was the market leader at that time and had the majority of the market share. However, ADLI offered products at a cheaper rate and the product quality was similar to that of Woolworths and they started their aggressive expansion in the market. The retail market in Australia is currently booming and the competition has become fierce. Even though Woolworths is still the market leader but they have a lost a significant customer base in the past decade (OMahony Lobo, 2017). Therefore, it can be concluded that there are lot of market opportunities in the current retail market and the company, which capitalize on it, will gain competitive advantage. Thus, it can be concluded that Woolworth has lost its competitive advantage in the market and ALDIs aggressive expansion strategy is causing trouble for Woolworth. The company needs to follow similar strategies if they want to maintain themselves as the market leader. References Kasai, C., Chauke, X. D. (2017). Investigating Customer Perceptions of Loyalty Cards and their Influence on Purchasing Behaviour in Major Retail Stores.Journal of Marketing and HR,5(1), 302-324. OMahony, B., Lobo, A. (2017). The organic industry in Australia: Current and future trends.Land Use Policy,66, 331-339.